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Good until the end...
Excellent Survey
Read it Bush.

swamped
Some good stuff on AfghanistanOther mass killings are described in this book like those by like the current northern alliance forces of Ahmad Massoud's army in the Shia Hazarajat and Abdul Malik, whose forces defected from Dostum's government to allow the Taliban to capture Mazar-i-Sharif in May 1997 but almost immediately turned against the Taliban and conducted a Saddam Hussein-like massacre of Taliban prisoners of war and it seems, thousands of civillians.
Of course it is hard to reach the utter barbarism of the Taliban. There is no need to repeat the horrific details. They emerged as a group friends in Kandahar province in late 94' who gained noteriety for fierce piety and honesty in contrast to the former Mujahadeen warlords whose forces were running around looting and raping and killing everybody. The U.S. clearly hoped that the efforts of Unocal to make arrangements with the Taliban leaders for a trans-Afghanistan oil pipeline from Turkmenistan would succeed. The dictator of Turkmenistan had switched allegiances from Bridas of Argentina to Unocal. After the whole thing blew up and they were left with a regime that was sheltering Osama Bin Laden, the monster that the Reagan adminstration helped create in the 80's, and serving as a conduit for drug smugglers (The Northern Alliance people are very heavy into that business also though Griffin does not say this).
Al Quaida is a very decentralized organization. Bin Laden may not have known about Sept 11. The evidence presented for his involvement by the British government has been rather thin. Griffin says that the evidence for him being involved in the attacks on the U.S. embassies in August 1998 and his relationship to the Al Shifa medicine plant in the Sudan which Clinton blew up is very tenuous. (...)
The prose style in this book is in parts really leaden. One gets the feeling that the book as a whole was not edited very well.
Explains the Taliban and Al-Quida!

A good start for understanding AfghanistanMagnus had a long career actually working in Afghanistan, and likewise followed this country's political environment after the Soviet invasion: His contacts (as noted in the numerous interviews utilized as sources throughout the book) provide an unusually close to home point of view on a number of issues.
While written prior to the horrific events of 11 Sep 01, Prof Magnus sagely predicted the role Zahir Shah would play in reconstituting any new government in a post-Taleban Afghanistan. Undoubtedly this book will play a key role in the understanding of the tumultuous politics which plagues this multi-ethnic and multi-confessional region.
Invaluable insights into Afghanistan's political position
A Currently Relevant History

Copy paste job!The author gives 1900 years of afghan history not even half of the book, concentrates too much on Anglo-afghan wars, with a lot of quotations to fill pages, really unscholarly work.
This is anything but a "military" history book. The author does not talk at all about the afghan battle tactics throughout the history. No map of battles, and their formations... this is probably one of the worst books about Afghanistan ever.
Good only for scanning, and casual reading. And off course buy the second hand version of this book.
An adequate historical reviewThe rich and turbulent history of Afghanistan's history kept my attention until the final three chapters as the author moved away from historical narrative into a contemporary review of recent events which are still too close to offer any real historical judgement. That analysis must be left to the next generation to undertake comprehensively. The book lost further continuity as events related but external to Afghanistan itself were incorporated, including a somewhat detailed account of the events on 9/11 and later terrorist activity throughout the Middle East over the past two years.
I was also troubled by the author's inaccurate characterization of certain events (the most glaring being the US intervention in Somalia and Bush/Clinton's roles in the affair) that I have studied. These flaws place some doubt in my mind as to the accuracy of the rest of the book, especially concerning subjects I am less familiar with and the authors own opinions concerning the US military campaign expressed in the afterword.
This book provides an excellent start for someone looking for an introduction to Afghan military history. Read all except the last 2-3 chapters. Anyone looking for a review and analysis of the US military campaign since 2001 should look elsewhere or wait for a more comprehensive treatment of the subject with better sources thant Western press accounts.
The authoritative book on Afghan historyIn light of this, I picked up this book because I knew next to nothing about Afghanistan. What I found was a truly excellent book that covered all of Afghanistan history and paints a very rich tapestry of Afghan people, and how we have come to this point in history that is the American War on Terrorism there.
Throughout this book, you will read examples of foreigners conquering Afghanistan, only to face the reality that in the end the Afghans can not be conquered. The most compelling example in this book is the first Anglo-Afghan war in the 1840s, where British forces marched in with huge numbers, but in the end, they were fleeing back to India starved, frozen, and totally panicked. The Soviet-Afghan war is equally compelling, and really provides insight into the current conflict we face where Mujahideen veteran fighters from that era have now reassembled into what is now Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.
Regardless of your views of the War on Terrorism, people will really benefit from reading this book. I think that by reading about Afghanistan and how it came to be will give readers a greater appreciation for what is going on there now in the current conflict, and also the War as a whole. Enjoy!


Interesting and flawedI do find flaws in this work, however, and they basically arise from the real difference of opinion about the US role in that conflict. Yes, the United States was interested in supplying the rebels for the sake of Great Power Politics. A defeat of the USSR in Afghanistan surely would be a great victory for the West, and that is why the arms were supplied. Lets get real here. The author seems to take exception with the fact that after the Soviets pulled out, the US did not seem very interested in defeating the puppet government. Why would they care? The weapons were not supplied out of any desire to assist in the Jihad, nor were they provided out of a hope for a better future Afghanistan. Afghan politics was (and is) made up of rivalries, warlords and open conflict. The US had little interest in getting involved before the Soviet occupation, so why would they after? Any interperetation to the contrary is to miss the point. Standard realist politics, pure and simple.
The author also believes that the US removed support from the Mujahideen so that they could not defeat the communist government and create a fundamentalist regeime. The recent events in Afghanistan showed exactly why this was of such great concern to the US. Hindsight is certainly 20-20, and this book was written and published well before the 9/11 attacks on the US. But I feel that the author's concern about the lack of US support for the defeat of the puppet government has been conclusivly shown to be the correct policy choice. The fundamentalist Taliban government allowed Al Qaida to flourish, and we all know how that turned out. I don't beleive too many people who will read this book will feel sorry for the failure (at that time) of a fundamentalist take-over of Afghanistan. Too bad they eventually did so. Maybe the US should have done even more to prevent it.
Also, the author seems to find reason to blame the US for pretty much everything that went wrong with the war. Even when he had no proof, he did not hesitate to show how the US could have done the bad deed. I found very little thanks to a country that sent millions and millions of dollars to help fight the war, even if it was for reasons of self-interest. (Realist politics again.) I continually found it difficult to read where the US was selfish for only wanting to help defeat the USSR, and that the CIA should somehow have been interested in Jihad or helping the historically conflict-ridden political parties within Afghanistan. Even during this war with the USSR, the warlords (according to the author) would sell arms they were given, fight with each other, and pretty much do what they wanted. It was only by using the carrot of more arms and heavier weapons could any control be established over these groups. Why would the US want to get invloved in that???
The subject of the Stinger missiles is covered in great detail, and the introduction of these weapons really changed the whole nature of the conflict. It is claimed (correctly) that the CIA did not want to give this weapon to the Mujahideen for fear it would find it's way to terrorists and unfriendly countries. It was pointed out many times in the book how "if we had the stinger" and this defeat was because they didn't have it, the author himself admits that several weapons DID find their way into Iran. So the US was right all along to be concerned. All air travelers should be concerned that these weapons are still floating around somewhere. Pretty scarey, and the CIA was right to be worried. But that did not seem to be of interest to the author.
So all in all, it is a very good work for the inside scoop on the war from the Pakistani point of view, and it should be read as such. But, the attitude against the US was pretty hard to fathom, and it got to be an annoying part of this book. I'm hardly a flag waver, but give credit where credit is due. The major reason the Soviets left Afghanistan was because of the massive US aid effort. Perhaps that should have been pointed out more in this book.
Very InterestingI would argue with the statements about the abandonment of the US - we did leave but we were never in this war to nation build. All of the countries helping out the Afghanistan's were doing so to fight the USSR, not to nation build Afghanistan. We completed a bargain, however unseemly, which was to supply weapons not to make Afghanistan the 51st state. The one thing I would have liked was a bit more size. Overall, a good book and I would recommend it.
Pay no attention to that Man behind the Curtainmore detail than most people want regarding
covert operations against the Soviets during
the Afghanistan war. The descriptions of the
CIA's efforts to obtain deniable armaments is
tragedy mixed with comedy. Checkbook war-fighting
doesn't work very well.
The most interesting thing I found in the book was
the description of the failures of the SAM-7 and
blowpipe missiles to bring down Soviet helicopters,
followed by the success of the Stingers. In the
book, Stingers are described as having IFF, which
makes them incapable of shooting down American
military aircraft. Perhaps this is true. If it's
not true, why would a book published 10 years ago
make an offhand claim like that?
The story of how the war ended is disturbingly
familiar to those who watched the end of the Gulf War.
Because we preferred anarchy over a fundamentalist
government, the US betrayed the mujahadeen as soon
as the Soviets left the country. After five more
years of civil war, the fundamentalists took over, anyway.
There are lots of other tidbits, and the overall
effect is to bring things into focus. It's not a
pretty picture. You can see why the various governments
involved didn't really want this book published.
After September 11, it is more relevant than ever.


A Critique of the Title
Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1Afghanistan is a monument of scholarship by an individual who lived closely through the events described (he tells of going onto his roof, for example, to watch the Soviet troops storm the presidential palace in 1979). Kakar kept a journal over the three years 1979-82 that exceeds one thousand pages; he also used his time in prison to interview a wide range of inmates. Much of his information is new and his interpretations fresh. At the same time, his is a work of unabashed passion. The author presents a fiercely partisan history of his country, for example justifying the increasingly close contacts with the Soviet Union from the 1950s on, while presenting the Russian invasion as a bitter act of betrayal. As for the United States, he believes Americans have a moral responsibility to the Afghans, and it is now time for them to assist in transforming the poisonous culture into a healthy one. Indeed, this is more a threat than an appeal, for Kakar ends his tome with a warning that the poisonous culture . . . may grow too great to ignore: in addition to the British graveyard in Afghanistan and the Soviet one, he warns there may also one day be an American one....
The story of Afghan genocide at the hands of the Soviets.The author reviews the period prior to the Soviet invasion, recounts the events and forces at work immediately prior to it, and provides an analysis of why the invasion occurred. That Brezhnev and a handful of Kremlin leaders erred is indisputably a contributing factor to the Soviet implosion which was to follow little more than a decade later. The Afghan resistence to communist rule began on a small scale shortly after the April 1978 coup by Taraki. Nationalist resistance organizations and Islamic resistence efforts gathered momentum in the years after, succeeding eventually - to the astonishment of the world. Kakar documents the "scorched earth" military policy of the Soviet invaders throughout rural Afghanistan and in the areas around Kabul.
The Afghan tragedy continued after the last US-supplied Stinger missile had been fired by the uncommonly brave Afghan mujahideen. As the Soviets withdrew, political machinations within the Pakistan based resistence groups intensified, exacerbated by foreign interference. Kakar's epilogue examines the fratricidal period following the Soviet withdrawal, and creates the context for understanding the emergence of the Taliban movement of today.Political organizations, biographical sketches, data on refugees, and the text of a 1979 telephone conversation between Kosygin and Taraki are provided in the appendices. Detailed notes and bibliography provide writers and researchers tools for further elaboration of the Afghan tragedy, the holocaust of the 1980s.


One of a very few books about Afghani womenAfter the September 11, 2001 bombings in the United States by radical Muslim terrorists, I wanted to know more about the people of Afghanistan. Morrocco was my only experience traveling in a Muslim state, and I found that Afghanistan is radically different. This book provides a rare look into the experience of one Afghani woman who seems atypical of many of the women in the country but has the facility with English and the education to provide all of us with a glimpse into a country that's playing a significant part in our lives and that seems to be a place where few Americans have lived or traveled.
Searching for Saleem
Searching For Saleem: An Afghan women's OdysseyThankfully, the spirit of courageues determination, amply evident in the pages that follow, is still strong. There seems no reason to doubt, therefore, the reconstruction can be astnishingly rapid."


The oppression of women in AfghanistanThis book covers a topic of much relevance and attention in the contemporary world: human rights, in particular those of women in Afghanistan. It examines the social and economic conditions faced by Afghani women, and Skaine implements a question and answer structure in order to delineate this. Furthermore, it touches upon the dire necessity for employment reform for women. With current employment restrictions upon women, families are starving, and children are growing up uneducated with a lack of teachers.
The book is extremely useful in that it does not focus solely upon the Taliban as the source for gender inequalities in Afghanistan. Rather it notes the many political motives behind it, as well as cultural and social pressures. Moreover, it succeeds in showing that it is not Islam that renders the oppression of women as justifiable. Instead, it shows the many intertwining forces within Afghani culture and politics that are in fact to blame.
It is for this reason that this book deserves much attention. The American media too often portrays, or simplifies, the oppression of Afghani women into a phenomenon stemming from the Taliban and Islamic fundamentalism. The fact that the chauvinistic mindset pervades, and has existed within, Afghani society is often overlooked. This creates a dangerous situation in which, the elimination of the Taliban may cause the world to assume the issue of female oppression is automatically solved. In addition, Skaine's writing style and structure make the book a clear and easy read.
Shirin Raza
Supporting our sisters in Afghanistan
Terrible!

Oh, look! More pictures of Kurt!
Typical American nonsense and deceit.
Holy War, Unholy Victory

Fed up with 'Veiled' books
paints an unrealistic picture of life for women pre-taliban
Disturbing, informative
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Afghanistan: A Short Story of Its People and Politics is a complete and concise synopsis of Afghanistan's leaders and foreign occupation. It gives a quick chronology of its many leaders, including Alexander the Great and ending with the Taliban. Furthermore, it describes the interplay between politics, especially in regards to Kabul, and the people of Afghanistan, relaying the constant power struggle either within Afghanistan or against foreign powers.
Martin Ewans is a credible source in terms of an accurate historical record. He served as a U.S. diplomat to both Afghanistan and Pakistan, and relies upon a wide variety of references for his information. In this respect, the book is extremely useful for the average reader looking for a quick overview of Afghani history. Moreover, the focus upon leadership and occupation sheds much light upon the present day struggle for autonomy and the extreme antagonism/skepticism of Afghani leaders towards foreign powers.
However, in the last two chapters of the book, Ewans describes the contemporary position of Afghanistan, in particular the rise of the Taliban and future outlook for the country. This on first glance appears to be extremely useful, as there are very few up to date books on Afghanistan that include the 9/11 attack and modern perspective on the Taliban. Yet, Ewans goes too far here, condemning Afganistan as a failed and "wretched" state. His opinions on the Taliban leadership contradict one another, and it is clear a hint of bias enters the author's attitude towards the end of the novel. He goes so far as to deem Afghanistan the center of global terrorism.
On the one hand, Ewans may indeed be correct in these opinions. But, the underlying tone seems to point towards the notion of unsupported and hasty conclusions of the part of the author, who had for the better part of the novel maintained an objective point of view. Now, more than ever, an attitude of understanding and hope for the state of Afghanistan is needed to help its people. To call it a wretched state and the center of global terror will only further antagonism and prevent cooperation with Afghanistan for both the masses and foreign diplomats. Hence, while I would recommend the book for a quick overview of Afghani history, I would warn the reader against giving creit to the author's bias towards the end of the book.
Shirin Raza